Park, HB. & Zhang, W. (reviewed preprint). Fast Capture, Slow Shift: How Working Memory Guides Perception. eLife

• All primary and processed data, as well as custom analysis codes, are publicly available via the Open Science Framework repository (https://osf.io/3pyjh)

Xie, W., Choo, Y., & Zhang, W. (2026). Mental Cost of Simple(st) Physical Exertion. Cognition. 271, 106481,

• The raw and analytical scripts are available at OSF

Won, B & Zhang, W. (2025). Search strategy modulates memory-driven capture. Atten Percept Psychophys

• The raw and analytical scripts are available at OSF

Ma, M. & Zhang, W. (2025). Cognitive modeling of lure discriminability in the Mnemonic Similarity Task. Behavior Research Methods. 57, 253

• The raw data and analytical scripts are available at GitHub

Xie, W., Ma, T., Thakurdesai, S., Kim, I., & Zhang, W. (2025). Discrimination of Mnemonic Similarity is Associated with Short-term and Long-term Memory Precision. Memory and Cognition. 53, 1259–1271

• The raw trial-level data and analytical scripts are available at OSF

Xie, W., Thakurdesai, S., Varastegan, S. & Zhang, W. (2025). Transcranial direct current stimulation over bilateral anterior temporal lobes modulates hippocampal-occipital functional connectivity and visual short-term memory precision. Hippocampus. 35(1):e23678

• The raw data and analytical scripts are available at OSF

Azer, L., Wilson, M., Kate, S., Hyun, JS., Luo, S.,  & Zhang, W.  (2024). Self-Reported Executive Functioning during the time of COVID-19 in relation to Physical Distancing Compliance. American Journal of Health Behavior. 48(1), 221-230.

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Park, HB. & Zhang, W. (2024). A Discrete Component in Visual Working Memory Encoding.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 50 (5), 464–478

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Park, HB. & Zhang, W. (2024). The Dynamics of Attentional Guidance by Working Memory Contents. Cognition.

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Xie, W., & Zhang, W. (2023). Effortfulness of visual working memory: Gauged by physical exertion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(7), 2074–2093

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Xie, W., Cappiello, Yassa, M., Ester, E., Zaghloul, K., & Zhang, W. (2023).  The Entorhinal-DG/CA3 Pathway in the Medial Temporal Lobe Retains Visual Working Memory of a Simple Surface Feature. eLife 12:e83365

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Xie, W., Zhang, W. Pupillary evidence reveals the influence of conceptual association on brightness perception. Psychon Bull Rev (2023). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02258-6

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Won, BY., Park, HB., Zhang, W. (2023). Familiarity Enhances Mnemonic Precision but Impairs Mnemonic Accuracy in Visual Working Memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.

• The data are available at OSF.

Xie, W., Lu Sing, L., Ana Martinez-Flores, A., & Zhang, W. (2022). Induced Negative Arousal Speeds Up Visual Working Memory Consolidation. Emotion. 22(1):179-197.

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Xie W. & Zhang, W. (2021). Reply to Marot et al.: The struggle to comply with social-distancing is multifaceted, as are the ways of mitigating it. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(8):e2024921118.

Xie, W., Campbell, S., & Zhang, W. (2020). Working memory capacity predicts individual differences in social-distancing compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(30), 17667–17674.

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.
• A note regarding the oversimplification of our findings in social media.
• The ScienceBreaker write-up. 
• Reply to Marot et al.: The struggle to comply with social-distancing is multifaceted, as are the ways of mitigating it.

Xie, W., Cappiello, M., Meng, M., Rosenthal, R., & Zhang, W. (2018). ADRA2B deletion variant and enhanced cognitive processing of emotional information: A meta-analytical review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 402–416.

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2017). Dissociations of the Number and Precision of Visual Short-term Memory Representations in Change Detection. Memory & Cognition, 45(8), 1423–1437.

• The data and analysis scripts are available at Github.

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2017). Negative Emotion Enhances Mnemonic Precision and Subjective Feelings of Remembering in Visual Long-term Memory. Cognition. 166,73-83.

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Park, H., Zhang, W., & Hyun, J. (2017). The Aftermath of Memory Retrieval on Recycling Visual Working Memory Representations. Atten Percept Psychophys. 79(5), 1393–1407.

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2017). Familiarity Increases the Number of Retained Pokémon in Visual Short-term Memory. Memory & Cognition. 45(4), 677-689

Cappiello, M., Xie, W., David, A., Bikson, M., & Zhang, W. (2016).Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Pattern Separation. NeuroReport, 27(11), 826-832

Cappiello, M. & Zhang, W.(2016). A Dual-Trace Model for Iconic Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance. 42(11), 1903-1922

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2016). Negative emotion boosts quality of visual working memory representation. Emotion, 16(5), 760-774

• The data and analysis scripts are available at OSF.

Azer, L., Dinh, T.,  & Zhang, W.  Impaired Inhibitory Control for the Le Grand Face Task under Effortful Physical Exertion.

Lou, C., Lei, Y., Cheng, X., Ding, X., Fan, Z., & Zhang, W.  Subitizing but not estimation activates both numerical and non-numerical processing.

Wang, T., Zhao, X., &  Zhang, W. Removal, But Not Only Removal: How Individuals Cope with Serial Interference in Visual Working Memory

Xie, W., Campbell, S., & Zhang, W. (2020). The struggle to comply with social distancing. TheScienceBreaker. https://doi.org/10.25250/thescbr.brk422

Park, H. & Zhang, W. WM as Tinted Lens: Working Memory Contents Distort Perceptual Decision Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, NYC, NY (November 2024).

Won, BY. & Zhang, W. Memory Representation of Distractor Suppressed by Prior Experiences Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, CA (November 2023).

Addante, R.J., Zhang, W., & Wilder, A. (2023). Psychomotor Performance Tradeoffs As A Function Of Eva On A Nasa Neemo Mission. The 2023 NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, Galveston, TX (February 2023).

Xie, W. &  Zhang, W. (2022). Pupillary evidence reveals the influence of positive thoughts on brightness perception. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2022).

Park, H. &  Zhang, W. (2022). Dynamics of Attentional Guidance by Multiple Working Memory Items: A Mouse Trajectory Analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2022).

Won, B. &  Zhang, W. (2022). Search Strategies Modulate Memory-Driven Capture. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2022).

Yang, L. &  Zhang, W. (2022). The Relation between Working Memory and Prospection. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2022).

Azer, L. &  Zhang, W. (2022). Joint Effects of Physical Effort and Cognitive Effort on Pupil Size. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2022).

Azer, L., Xie, W., Park, H.B., & Zhang, W. (2022, April). Detrimental Effects of Effortful Physical Exertion on Cognitive Control in Older Adults. [Conference Poster]. Cognitive Aging Conference 2022, Atlanta, GA.

Azer, L., Campbell, S., Xie, W., Wilson, M., Cheng, X., Zhou, R., Sweeny, K., & Zhang, W. (2021, May). Self-Reported Executive Functions during the time of COVID-19 in relation to Social Distancing Compliance, Consumer Buying Behavior, and Loneliness [Conference Talk]. APS 2021, Virtual

Azer, L., Quintanilla-Salinas, I., Kürüm, E., Ferguson, L., Davis, E. L., Zhang, W., Strickland-Hughes, C. M., & Wu, R. (2021, November). Perceived loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to self-reported executive functioning. [Conference Talk]. GSA 2021, Virtual.

Yang, L. & Zhang, W. (2020). The Sensory Nature of Retrieved Visual Working Memory Representations. Paper virtually presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (June 2020).

Azer, L. & Zhang, W. (2020). Increased Configural Face Encoding Under Effortful Physical Action. Paper virtually presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (June 2020).

Park, H. & Zhang, W. (2020). Memory as Tinted Lens: Working Memory Contents Distort Perception. Paper virtually presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (June 2020).

Ahn, S., Park, H., & Zhang, W. (2020). Concurrent Physical Effort Increases Attentional Capture by Salient-but-irrelevant Color Singleton. Paper virtually presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (June 2020).

Zhang, W. & Xie, W., Sing, J.C., & Martinez-Flores, A. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences modulate the effect of emotional arousal on visual working memory consolidation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, CA (March 2019).

Xie, W., Azer, L., Park, H., Cappiello, M., & Zhang, W. (2019). Transcranial direct current stimulation over bilateral anterior temporal lobes modulates hippocampal-occipital functional connectivity and visual working memory precision. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, CA (March 2019).

Zhang, W. (2019). Metacognitive monitoring of memory contents and mnemonic precision for vivid memories. Northern California Consciousness Conference. Riverside, CA (March 2019).

Park, H., Xie, W.,Cappiello, M., Hyun, J., & Zhang, W. (2018). A Temporal Limit in Visual Working Memory Encoding Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of Korean Psychological Association, Seoul, South Korea (August 2018).

Zhang, W. & Xie, W. (2018). The Effects of Prior Stimulus Familiarity on Visual Working Memory Maintenance and Retrieval. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2018).

Park, H. & Zhang, W. (2018). The Number of Representations within the Focus of Attention in Visual Working Memory. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2018).

Azer, L. & Zhang, W. (2018). The Effects of Structural Regularity on Working Memory Representations. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2018).

Xie, W.,Cappiello, Yassa, M., Ester, E., Gopikrishna, D., & Zhang, W. (2018) Decoding item-specific information in visual short-term memory from the hippocampal DG/CA3 subfield using high-resolution fMRI. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2018).

Cappiello, M., Xie, W., & Zhang, W. (2018) The Mental Muscle: Effects of Concurrent Effortful Physical Action on Visual Working Memory. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2018).

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2017). The Effects of Prior Familiarity on Working Memory Representations and Processes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (November 2017).

Park, H., Xie, W.,Cappiello, M., Hyun, J., & Zhang, W. (2017). A Test of Visual Short-term Memory Consolidation of Continuously Changing Stimuli. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of Korean Psychological Association, Seoul, South Korea (August 2017).

Park, H., Xie, W.,Cappiello, M., Hyun, J., & Zhang, W. (2017). Visual Short-term Memory for Dynamically Changing Stimuli. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2017).

Xie, W.,Cappiello, M., Reagh, Z., Yassa, M., & Zhang, W. (2017). A Shared Mechanism for Mnemonic Precision in Visual Short-term Memory and Visual Long-term Memory. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2017).

Zhang, W.,  Xie, W.,  & Cappiello, M. (2017). Dissociable Effects of Depressed Mood, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, and Age on the Number and Quality of Visual Working Memory Representations. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2017).

Cappiello, M. & Zhang, W. (2017). The Functional Limit in Visual Working Memory Storage: The Tale Is In The Tail. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2017).

Cappiello, M., Xie, W., David, A., Bikson, M., & Zhang, W. (2016). Brain Stimulation Modulates Pattern Separation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2016).

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2016). Effects of Familiarity on Visual Short-Term Memory for Pokémon. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2016).

Cappiello, M. & Zhang, W. (2015). Enumeration and Reentrant Processes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2015).

Zhang, W. & Cappiello, M. (2015). Dual-trace Iconic Memory. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2015).

Xie, W. & Zhang, W. (2015). Emotional Context and Visual Long-Term Memory. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, St. Pete Beach, FL (May 2015).

Xie, W., Cappiello, M., & Zhang, W. (2014). Effects of Emotion on Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Visual Long-term Memory. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, CA (November 2014).